Physics important topics class 12th 2025

Physics Topics

1. Electric Charges and Fields

   • Coulomb’s Law
   • Dipole
   • Gauss’s Law → Straight Line
   • Properties Charge and Field

2. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

   • Equipotential Surfaces
   • Potential due to a System
   • Capacitor Derivation

3. Current Electricity

   • Drift Velocity
   • Kirchhoff’s Law
   • Wheatstone Bridge

4. Moving Charges and Magnetism

   • Motion of a Charged Particle in Magnetic Field
   • Force Between Parallel Wires
   • Current Carrying Circular Loop
   • Moving Coil Galvanometer

5. Magnetism and Matter

   • Field Properties

6. Electromagnetic Induction

   • Lenz’s and Faraday’s Law
   • Self and Mutual Induction
   • AC Generator

7. Alternating Current

   • I rms
   • Series LCR
   • Transformer

8. Electromagnetic Waves

   • Displacement Current
   • EM Spectrum Uses
   • Maxwell Equation

9. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

   • Lens Maker → Derivation
   • Prism → Minimum Deviation
   • Compound Microscope and Telescope
   • Refractive Index
   • Refraction Through Spherical Surfaces

10. Wave Optics

    • Refraction and Reflection
    • YDSE Numerical
    • Diffraction Numerical

11. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

    • Work Function
    • Einstein Equation
    • Graphs
    • De-Broglie Wavelength

12. Atoms

    • α-Scattering
    • Spectral Lines
    • Bohr Model

13. Nuclei

    • Mass defect and Nuclear Energy

14. Semiconductors

    • Forward Reverse Biasing
    • Depletion Layer
    • P-N Junction Diode